Islamic Fiqh Course

Categories of Water for Purification

For wuḍūʾ and ghusl, classical fiqh sorts water into four categories. The default category — *al-māʾ al-muṭlaq* (unquali

Cleaning After Using the Bathroom

After urination or defecation, two acts complete the cleaning: *istibrāʾ* (ensuring nothing more is coming out) and *ist

Wuḍūʾ — Obligations and Method

Wuḍūʾ is the ritual washing that precedes every prayer. The Mālikī school identifies seven **obligations** (*farāʾiḍ*):

What Breaks Wuḍūʾ

Wuḍūʾ, once valid, remains valid until something breaks it. The Mālikī school identifies the nullifiers in three groups:

Ghusl — The Full Ritual Bath

Ghusl is full-body ritual washing required after sexual activity, after menstruation or postnatal bleeding ends, and at

Tayammum — Purification with Earth

When water is unavailable or using it would cause harm, purification for prayer is made with clean earth. The ritual is

Impurities and How to Remove Them

Certain substances are ritually impure (*najis*). Before prayer, impurities on clothing, body, or prayer area must be re

Menstruation and Postnatal Bleeding

During menstruation and postnatal bleeding, women are **relieved** of prayer and fasting — not punished, not shamed. Aft