Idghām — Merging

Quick recap

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1. 1

   Idghām involves two letters: the first is silent, and the second carries the shadda in the mushaf.

2. 2

   Mutamāthilān are letters with the same makhraj and quality, such as dāl with dāl.

3. 3

   Mutajānisān are letters from one makhraj that differ in quality, such as tāʾ with ṭāʾ.

4. 4

   If the makhraj differs there is no idghām; distant letters are never merged.

5. 5

   In «yalhath dhālika» and «irkab maʿanā» Qālūn has a khulf between iẓhār and idghām; «yuʿadhdhibu man» has idghām only.

6. 6

   The mushaf marks full idghām by a bare first letter with the next letter doubled; incomplete idghām is a bare first letter with no doubling on the next.

7. 7

   The book names no idghām of tāʾ into dhāl. The cases with dhāl are dhāl into ẓāʾ and thāʾ into dhāl.

8. 8

   The mushaf marks full idghām by a bare first letter with the next letter doubled; incomplete idghām is a bare first letter with no doubling on the next.

9. 9

   The book names no idghām of tāʾ into dhāl. The cases with dhāl are dhāl into ẓāʾ and thāʾ into dhāl.

10. 10

    The mushaf marks full idghām by a bare first letter with the next letter doubled; incomplete idghām is a bare first letter with no doubling on the next.

11. 11

    The book names no idghām of tāʾ into dhāl. The cases with dhāl are dhāl into ẓāʾ and thāʾ into dhāl.

12. 12

    The mushaf marks full idghām by a bare first letter with the next letter doubled; incomplete idghām is a bare first letter with no doubling on the next.

13. 13

    The book names no idghām of tāʾ into dhāl. The cases with dhāl are dhāl into ẓāʾ and thāʾ into dhāl.